Birds and Nature Vol. 9 No. 5 [May 1901]

Various

Various

Birds and Nature Vol. 9 No. 5 [May 1901] Illustrated by Color Photography

MAY

May brings all the flowers at once,

Teased by rains and kissed by suns;

Now the meadows white and gold;

Now the lambs leap in the fold.

May is wreathed with virgin white;

Glad May dances all the night;

May laughs, rolling ’mong the flowers,

Careless of the wintry hours.

May’s storms turn to sunny rain,

And, when Iris springs again,

All the angels clap their hands,

Singing in their seraph bands.

    – Walter Thornbury, “The Twelve Brothers.”

Now, shrilleth clear each several bird his note,

The Halcyon charms the wave that knows no gale,

About our eaves the swallow tells her tale,

Along the river banks the swan, afloat,

And down the woodland glades the nightingale.

Now tendrils curl and earth bursts forth anew —

Now shepherds pipe and fleecy flocks are gay —

Now sailors sail, and Bacchus gets his due —

Now wild birds chirp and bees their toil pursue —

Sing, poet, thou – and sing thy best for May!

    – William M. Hardinge, “Spring.”

AUDUBON’S ORIOLE

(Icterus audubonii.)

The name oriole is from the French word oriol, which is a corruption of the Latin word aureolus, meaning golden. The name was originally applied to a vire, but is now used in a much wider sense and includes a number of birds.

The true orioles are birds of the Old World and are closely related to the thrushes. It is said that no fewer than twenty species from Asia and Africa have been described.

The orioles of America belong to a very different group of birds and are related to our blackbirds, the bobolink and the meadowlark. All these birds belong to the family Icteridae, the representatives of which are confined to the New World.

The genus of orioles (Icterus) contains about forty species, chiefly natives of Central and South America. The plumage of nearly all the species is more or less colored with shades of yellow, orange and black.

Audubon’s Oriole, the male of which we illustrate, has a very limited range, including the “valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas and southward in Mexico to Oaxaca.” It is more common in central and eastern Mexico than in any other part of its range. In the summer, it only frequents the denser forests of its Texas home, but during the winter months it will approach the inhabited regions.

The Mexicans capture these Orioles and offer them for sale. In captivity, however, they seem to lose their vivacity and will not sing. “When free their usual song is a prolonged and repeated whistle of extraordinary mellowness and sweetness, each note varying in pitch from the preceding.”

It is said that this beautiful bird is frequently called upon to become the foster parents of the offspring of some of those birds that have neither the inclination to build their own nests or to raise their own families. The ingenious nests of the orioles seem to be especially attractive to these tramp birds which possess parasitic tastes.

The red-eyed cowbird (Callothrus robustus), of the Southern United States and Central America, seems to be the pest that infests the homes of Audubon’s Oriole. It has been stated that the majority of the sets of eggs collected from the nests of this Oriole contain one or more of the cowbird’s eggs. It is also probable that many of the Oriole’s eggs are destroyed by the cowbirds as well as by other agencies, and thus, though the raising of two broods the same season is frequently attempted, the species is far from abundant.

Regarding the nesting habits of the Audubon’s Oriole, Captain Charles Bendire says, “The nest of this Oriole is usually placed in mesquite trees, in thickets and open woods, from six to fourteen feet from the ground. It is a semipensile structure, woven of fine, wire-like grass used while still green and resembles those of the hooded and orchard orioles, which are much