Explore it. Britain. PartВ 2

Д. С. Ведунова

Рќ. Рђ. РћРІСЃСЏРЅРЅРёРєРѕРІР°

Вторая часть книги “Explore it. Britain” позволит Вам продолжить знакомство с историей, традициями и культурой Соединённого Королевства.

Explore it. Britain

PartВ 2

Д. C. Ведунова

Рќ. A. РћРІСЃСЏРЅРЅРёРєРѕРІР°

© Д. C. Ведунова, 2017

© Н. A. Овсянникова, 2017

© Роман Алексеевич Голобоков, cover design, 2017

ISBNВ 978-5-4483-7679-5

Created with intellectual publishing system Ridero

House ofВ Lords

The House ofВ Lords, House ofВ Lords, is the highest, or upper house ofВ the UK Parliament. Also submitted toВ the Parliament includes inВ its membership the Sovereign and the lower house, sometimes called the House ofВ Representatives or the House ofВ Commons. Total House ofВ Lords has aВ membership ofВ 730В unelected members, namely: two archbishops, 24В bishops ofВ the Church ofВ England, which is called the spiritual lords, and 706В members ofВ the Peerage, or secular lords. Lords Spirituals are the members ofВ the House as long as they hold their spiritual position, the secular lords, are members for life. All members ofВ the House ofВ Lords referredВ to.

The House of Lords was founded in the XIV century and functioned almost always. Until 1544 the name “House of Lords” was not in use. From 1649 until 1660 the House of Lords did not function, because It was abolished by the government that came to power as a result of the English Civil War. Before historical moment the House of Lords had more weight and more meaning than election the House of Commons (the lower house). Nevertheless, from the XIX century, the distribution of forces began to change, and the time of the upper house of Nada much weaker bottom. An Act of Parliament passed in 1911 and 1949 ruled that all legislation excluding “money bills”, which includes the state budget, which passes through the House of Lords, may be detained for a period not exceeding 12 months, but it can not be rejected. In political science, such powers are called suspense veto, the veto deterrent. In addition, the legislative projects cannot make any corrections. The reform of 1999, House of Lords Act, abolished the right to inherit a place in the House of Lords. A small number of peers remain in place, that means the fact that they held high positions of the Great Officers of State, and an additional 92 are elected as representative peers. Additional reforms are included in the plans of the Labour government, but they are not currently unenforceable.

The House ofВ Lords has both legislative and judicial power. Under the judiciary refers toВ the highest Court ofВ Appeal, which deals with most ofВ the cases ofВ all the United Kingdom. However, the judicial functions belong not toВ all members ofВ the House ofВ Lords, but only aВ limited number, have the necessary legal experience, which is called the Lord legalists. Constitutional Reform Act, passed inВ 2005, would give judicial functions Lords lawyers toВ the Supreme Court ofВ the United Kingdom, when the latter will begin its work.

The formal name ofВ the House ofВ Lords is as follows: Honorable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal ofВ the United Kingdom ofВ Great Britain and Northern Ireland inВ aВ joint parliament. And the upper and lower houses hold their meetings inВ the halls ofВ the Palace ofВ Westminster.

Previously, the Chamber was aristocratic, where the rights ofВ the meeting handed down. At the same time it is aВ collection ofВ aВ number ofВ hereditary members ofВ the Lords Spiritual and Lords appointed, which is given aВ peerage for life, but which, however, is not inherited.

The British Parliament

The British Parliament consists ofВ two chambers: the House ofВ Commons (House ofВ Commons) and the House ofВ Lords (House ofВ Lords).

The House ofВ Commons is elected for five years byВ universal, equal suffrage byВ se